Hallmarks of Tula

Hallmarks of Tula: 20 records in the reference, dated between 1792 and 1874. By type: urban — 6, assay masters — 4, masters — 4. Shield shapes here: rectangle — 8, rectangle with cut corners — 3, circle — 3, heraldic shield with border — 2. Most frequent: Артамонов Иван Семенович — 2. 7 different makers and works are named. Every entry carries an image of the mark, its letters, the years it was in use and the shape of the shield. A city mark was struck by the assay office of the town where the item was tested, next to the maker’s initials and the fineness mark. This combination is what ties a silver or gold object to a place and a date.