Hallmarks by period

Marking rules changed with assay legislation, so the period can be told from the look of the mark fairly reliably. Collections are split by the time the mark was in use, from pre-Petrine to Soviet issues. 7 collections, 3 781 records in total. The largest: 19th century — 1864, 18th century — 785, Soviet from 1959 — 603, Soviet 1927–1958 — 243, 1900–1916 — 149. Collections with fewer than five records are not listed separately: a page of two cards is of no use to anyone.