Hallmarks with letter “А”

Hallmarks with letter “А”: 363 records in the reference, dated between 1701 and 1975. By type: masters — 198, assay masters — 34. Shield shapes here: rectangle — 186, oval — 30, rectangle with rounded corners — 24, square — 18. The records cover 52 towns and villages. Most frequent: Артель "Московский ювелир" — 4, Жилин Александр Иванов — 4, Петров Федор — 4. 229 different makers and works are named. Every entry carries an image of the mark, its letters, the years it was in use and the shape of the shield. The letters and numerals struck on the mark itself — the maker’s initials, an abbreviated town or works name, an artel number, a year digit. Attribution almost always starts here: first find a mark with the same characters, then check the shield shape and the dates.