Hallmarks of Novgorod

Hallmarks of Novgorod: 29 records in the reference, dated between 1705 and 1882. By type: masters — 8, urban — 6, assay masters — 5. Shield shapes here: rectangle — 18, square — 5, elongated rectangle — 2, three connected circles — 1. Most frequent: Федоров Петр — 2, Рябков Калина — 2, Рябков А. — 2. 10 different makers and works are named. Every entry carries an image of the mark, its letters, the years it was in use and the shape of the shield. A city mark was struck by the assay office of the town where the item was tested, next to the maker’s initials and the fineness mark. This combination is what ties a silver or gold object to a place and a date.