Porcelain, earthenware, ceramics

Nymphenburg porcelain manufactory (German: Die Porzellanmanufaktur Nymphenburg, modern name: Porzellan Manufaktur Nymphenburg) is one of the early porcelain manufactories in Western Europe, founded in 1747 in Neudeck, a suburb of Munich (Bavaria), and later transferred to Nymphenburg (western district of modern Munich). History: The first porcelain manufactory in Europe was Johann Friedrich Böttger's enterprise in Meissen (Saxony) - a manufactory founded in 1710. In 1745, Bavarian Elector Maximilian III Joseph, upon taking office, intended to create his own porcelain production, which was considered particularly prestigious at that time, in order to improve state finances. The enterprise was created in the fortress of Neudeck near Munich. With the support of the elector, Munich alchemist Franz Ignaz Niedermayr (1710-1772), known as an "arcaneist" in the 18th century, who attempted to uncover the "Chinese secret" of porcelain production, succeeded in creating the first figurine from true white porcelain in 1747. However, there were no major production successes. In 1753, the elector was joined by Viennese arcaneist Joseph Jacob Ringler (1730-1804), who, in addition to Vienna, had experience in organizing similar productions in Höchst, Fürstenberg, Württemberg, and Ludwigsburg. From 1754, the outstanding artist and sculptor-designer Franz Anton Bustelli (1723-1763) worked at the enterprise, subsequently bringing it fame. Bustelli's works - small, brightly-painted figurines and sculptural groups - are characterized by the lightness and grace of true Rococo. "Gallant scenes," ladies and gentlemen, characters from the Italian Commedia dell'arte, have a "grotesque character, they are expressive in their plasticity, so unusual that it seems as if they were made just yesterday." In 1761, production was transferred to Nymphenburg. The manufactory produced items decorated with bright blue, pink, and red colors, with black and gold, under a shiny lead glaze.urue. After Bustelli's death in 1763, he was succeeded by the sculptor Dominik Aulichek from Bohemia (1734-1804), who worked at the manufactory until 1797. Thanks to his work, the gallant rococo figures were replaced by images of ancient gods and goddesses in the neoclassical style. Aulichek also created sculptural models for twenty-five hunting scenes based on popular engravings by I.E. Ridinger. After Aulichek, from 1797 to 1822, Johann Peter Melchior (1742-1825) became the leading artist of the manufactory, known for his work in many European manufactories. In Nymphenburg, he made portrait busts, relief medallions, and allegorical groups out of matte biscuit, imitating ancient marbles. In 1765, 187 people worked in Nymphenburg: production reached a high level of technical and artistic achievement. The manufactory was sponsored and commissioned by the hereditary prince, and later King of Bavaria, Ludwig I. The dinner services with copies of famous paintings or Bavarian landscapes in the ancient style were particularly popular. Starting from 1815, Christian Matthias Adler became the chief artist. In 1822, the architect Friedrich von Gärtner was appointed as the artistic director and director of the manufactory. In the mid-19th century, porcelain production experienced a crisis. In 1856, artistic production was suspended, and the manufactory's work was reoriented towards technical and medical products. Since 1888, they began recreating porcelain figurines from the 18th century. In 1906, the famous sculptor Josef Wackerle became the artistic director of the manufactory, and the manufactory started producing products in the Art Nouveau style, including architectural-decorative ceramics. The manufactory continued to operate during the Third Reich under the guidance of Hitler's favorite architect, Paul Ludwig Trost, manufacturing tableware, including for the ocean liners of the Norddeutscher Lloyd company, as well as for the state and private residences of Nazi leaders. After the war, the manufactory was revived. In the present time, it continues to produce high-quality porcelain products.The Museum of Porcelain operates during her time.

Brands: the oldest brand is a six-pointed star with blue underglaze cobalt, during certain periods the brands were supplemented with different letters or a shield of the Bavarian coat of arms. Bustelli signed his works with initials: FB.