Hallmarks of Moscow

Hallmarks of Moscow: 965 records in the reference, dated between 1651 and 1968. By type: masters — 498, urban — 89, assay masters — 39. Shield shapes here: rectangle — 431, oval — 82, circle — 64, elongated rectangle — 63. Most frequent: Московская ювелирная фабрика — 10, Петров Федор — 7, Московский ювелирный завод — 7. 427 different makers and works are named. Every entry carries an image of the mark, its letters, the years it was in use and the shape of the shield. A city mark was struck by the assay office of the town where the item was tested, next to the maker’s initials and the fineness mark. This combination is what ties a silver or gold object to a place and a date.