Hallmarks of Kazan

Hallmarks of Kazan: 43 records in the reference, dated between 1740 and 1946. By type: assay masters — 12, urban — 10, masters — 8. Shield shapes here: rectangle — 19, heraldic shield with border — 4, square — 4, elongated rectangle — 3. Most frequent: Шебанов С. — 2, Руковишников Александр Флегонтов — 2, Рукавишников Спиридон — 2. 17 different makers and works are named. Every entry carries an image of the mark, its letters, the years it was in use and the shape of the shield. A city mark was struck by the assay office of the town where the item was tested, next to the maker’s initials and the fineness mark. This combination is what ties a silver or gold object to a place and a date.