Hallmarks with letter “Ф”
Found: 168Hallmarks with letter “Ф”: 168 records in the reference, dated between 1704 and 1968. By type: masters — 75, assay masters — 9. Shield shapes here: rectangle — 67, rectangle with rounded corners — 10, oval — 8, rectangle with cut corners — 7. The records cover 35 towns and villages. Most frequent: Красносельская ювелирная фабрика — 8, Подольская ювелирная фабрика — 7, Сидоровская ювелирная фабрика — 7. 85 different makers and works are named. Every entry carries an image of the mark, its letters, the years it was in use and the shape of the shield. The letters and numerals struck on the mark itself — the maker’s initials, an abbreviated town or works name, an artel number, a year digit. Attribution almost always starts here: first find a mark with the same characters, then check the shield shape and the dates.
