Kopeck of Российской империи

Kopeck of Российской империи: 2261 records in the reference, struck between 1533 and 1917. By metal: copper — 1397, silver — 843, cupronickel (copper-nickel) — 11, iron (steel) — 6. By reign: Nicholas I — 470, Catherine II — 402, Alexander I — 273, Alexander II — 377. Reference prices run from 100 to 39 733 700 roubles. Every entry carries photographs of both sides, metal, fineness, weight, diameter, mintage and catalogue numbers after Bitkin, Uzdenikov and Conros. The imperial money system rested on the rouble of 100 kopeks, but poltinas, polupoltinniks, grivenniks, dengas and polushkas circulated alongside, and zloty, groszy and abazi in the annexed lands. The same denomination was struck for decades and differs by reign, year and mint.