By reign: Tsarist coins

Coins of the Russian Empire are dated by reign: the portrait or monogram on the obverse, the titles in the legend and the year below the truncation identify the reign even on a heavily worn piece. Within one reign coins differ by mint and by the mintmaster’s initials, struck as a two or three letter abbreviation. 22 collections, 4 963 records in total. The largest: Nicholas I — 971, Catherine II — 809, Alexander I — 612, Alexander II — 590, Peter I — 452. Every entry carries photographs of both sides, metal, fineness, weight, diameter, mintage and catalogue numbers after Bitkin, Uzdenikov and Conros. Groups with fewer than five records are not listed separately.