Pattern coins of Российской империи

Pattern coins of Российской империи: 158 records in the reference, struck between 1718 and 1916. By metal: copper — 78, silver — 56, gold — 12, cupronickel (copper-nickel) — 11. By denomination: kopeck — 83, ruble — 44, denga — 5, grivennik — 3. By reign: Nicholas I — 38, Alexander I — 24, Nicholas II — 17, Elizabeth — 16. Reference prices run from 100 to 251 600 roubles. Every entry carries photographs of both sides, metal, fineness, weight, diameter, mintage and catalogue numbers after Bitkin, Uzdenikov and Conros. Separate groups of issues: rare coins, novodels, patterns and coins with striking errors. They are valued not by face value and metal but by the number of surviving specimens.