Hallmarks: 19th century

Hallmarks: 19th century: 1864 records in the reference, dated between 1800 and 1936. By type: masters — 1132, urban — 164, assay masters — 161, assay — 6. Shield shapes here: rectangle — 962, oval — 184, elongated rectangle — 151, rectangle with rounded corners — 120. The records cover 94 towns and villages. Most frequent: Карпинский Михаил Михайлович — 6, Фаберже Петр-Карл — 6, Иванов Василий Иванович — 5. 1080 different makers and works are named. Every entry carries an image of the mark, its letters, the years it was in use and the shape of the shield. Marking rules changed with assay legislation: before 1700, under the assay masters of the 18th–19th centuries, under the district offices of 1899–1926 and under Soviet assay supervision the marks looked different. The period narrows a search more than anything else.