Pfennig of Европы

Pfennig of Европы: 117 records in the reference, struck between 1748 and 1994. By metal: aluminum — 53, cupronickel (copper-nickel) — 19, iron (steel) — 16, bronze — 14. By country: GDR — 58, Germany — 47, Weimar Republic — 9, Austria — 3. Reference prices run from 4 000 to 12 200 roubles. Every entry carries photographs of both sides, metal, fineness, weight, diameter, mintage and catalogue numbers after Bitkin, Uzdenikov and Conros. The imperial money system rested on the rouble of 100 kopeks, but poltinas, polupoltinniks, grivenniks, dengas and polushkas circulated alongside, and zloty, groszy and abazi in the annexed lands. The same denomination was struck for decades and differs by reign, year and mint.