Escudo of Европы

Escudo of Европы: 129 records in the reference, struck between 1701 and 2004. By metal: cupronickel (copper-nickel) — 54, silver — 37, nickel silver — 13, gold — 13. By country: Portugal — 114, Spanish — 15. Reference prices run from 600 to 205 500 roubles. Every entry carries photographs of both sides, metal, fineness, weight, diameter, mintage and catalogue numbers after Bitkin, Uzdenikov and Conros. The imperial money system rested on the rouble of 100 kopeks, but poltinas, polupoltinniks, grivenniks, dengas and polushkas circulated alongside, and zloty, groszy and abazi in the annexed lands. The same denomination was struck for decades and differs by reign, year and mint.